Chemical sensors and chemo-electronic sensors can provide a level of detection and real-time awareness that will be critical to a sustainable society. With applications ranging from air and water quality to health indicators to environmental ecosystems shift, the development of ubiquitous, integrated sensors can provide data that inform insights into planetary and human health. These same sensors can inform and empower more efficient use of materials and energy in manufacturing and consumer use. Sensor technology can provide a consciousness about factors and dynamics that were once thought unknowable.